The coding of possessive source in the languages of Europe
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu09.2019.306Abstract
The paper deals with the coding of the Possessive Source (the Source argument of the verb ‘to take’) in the 39 languages of Europe. I mainly used primary sources of data, such as elicitation. The most common way of the coding of the Possessive Source in my sample was the ablative coding, by which I mean the typical coding of the Source argument of motion verbs (cf. Peter has returned from his boss / from London). The ablative meaning itself can be coded in different ways, depending on the specific location: it can be apudelative, superelative, inelative, etc. The synсretic marking of the Possessive Source and the Source of motion verbs can be explained by their semantic similarity. The other common way of coding of the Possessive Source is the recipient coding, by which I mean the coding of the second animate argument of the verb ‘to give’. The Recipient and the Possessive Source have the same benefactive / malefactive properties prompting their syncretic marking. By locative coding I mean the coding of the location near the Landmark (cf. to stand by the river, to be at one’s friend’s). This type of coding is typical of East Slavic languages, Italian and some dialects of Norwegian. The synсretic marking of locative and source meaning has been previously attested for non-possessive (inanimate) Sources. The other types of the coding of the Possessive Source can be considered marginal for Europe. The data of the study in question has been presented as a semantic map.
Keywords:
possessive source, recipient, ablative, locative, arguments
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Литература
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Dahl 2000 — Dahl Ö. The Grammar of Future Time Reference in European languages. In: Tense and Aspect in the Languages of Europe. Dahl Ö (ed.). Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, 2000. P. 309–328.
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Luraghi 2011 — Luraghi S. The coding of Spacial Relations with Human Landmarks: from Latin to Romance. In: Case, Animacy, and Semantic Roles. S. Kittilä, K. Västi, J. Ylikoski (eds.). Amsterdam: Benjamins, 2011. P. 209–234.
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MacKenzie 1978 — MacKenzie J. L. Ablative-locative transfers and their relevance for the theory of Case-Grammar. In: Journal of Linguistics. 1978, 14 (2): 129–156.
Malchukov. Comrie 2015 — Valency Classes in the World’s Languages. Malchukov A. Comrie B. (eds.). Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, 2015. 888 p.
Malchukov et al. 2010 — Studies in Ditransitive Constructions: A Comparative Handbook. Malchukov A., Haspelmath M., Comrie B. (eds.). Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, 2010. 772 p.
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Nikitina 2017 — Nikitina T. Ablative and allative marking of static locations: A historical perspective. In: Space in Diachrony. Luraghi S., Nikitina T., Zanchi Ch. Amsterdam: Benjamins, 2017. P. 67–94.
Nikitina, Spano 2014 — Nikitina T., Spano M. ‘Behind’ and ‘in front’ in Ancient Greek. A case study in orientation asymmetry. In: On Ancient Grammars of Space. Linguistic Research on the Expression of Spatial Relations and Motion in Ancient Languages. S. Kutscher, D. A. Werning (eds.). Berlin; Boston: De Gruyter, 2014. P. 67–82.
Pantcheva 2010 — Pantcheva M. The syntactic structure of Locations, Goals, and Sources. In: Linguistics. 2010, 48 (5): 1043–1081.
Papafragou 2010 — Papafragou A. Source-Goal asymmetries in motion representation: Implications for language production and comprehension. Cognitive Science. 2010, 34: 1064–1092.
Rice, Kabata 2007 — Rice S., Kabata K. Crosslinguistic grammaticalization patterns of the allative. Linguistic Typology. 2007, 11: 451–514.
Stefanowitsch, Rohde 2004 — Stefanowitsch, A., Rohde A. The goal bias in the encoding of motion events. In: Studies in linguistic motivation. Radden G., Panther K.-U. (eds.). Berlin; New York: Mouton de Gruyter, 2004. P. 249–268.
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Andrews 1985 — Andrews A. The major functions of the noun phrase. In: Language Typology and Syntactic Description. Shopen T. (ed.). Vol. 1. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985. P. 62–154.
Comrie et al. 2010 — Comrie B., Malchukov A., Haspelmath M. II. Questionnaire on ditransitive constructions. In: Studies in Ditransitive Constructions: A Comparative Handbook. Malchukov A., Haspelmath M., Comrie B. (eds.). Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, 2010. P. 65–73.
Creissels 2009 — Creissels D. Spatial Cases. In: The Oxford Handbook of Case. Malchukov A., Spencer A. (eds.). Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009. P. 609–625.
Dahl 2000 — Dahl Ö. The Grammar of Future Time Reference in European languages. In: Tense and Aspect in the Languages of Europe. Dahl Ö (ed.). Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, 2000. P. 309–328.
Fernández, Ortiz de Urbina 2009 — Fernández B., Ortiz de Urbina J. Datibo alternatiboak hiztegian eta hizkeretan Ms. In: Euskaren sintaxia: aldakortasun sintaktikoa euskal hizkeretan. UPV/EHUren XXVIII. Donostiako Uda Ikastaroak/XXI. Europar ikastaroak. Donostia, uztailak 2–3. 2009. URL: http:// www. iker.cnrs.fr/IMG/pdf/3.pdf (access date: 24.04.2019). (In Basque)
Georgakopoulos, Sioupi 2015 — Georgakopoulos T., Sioupi A. Framing the difference between Sources and Goals in Change of Possession events: a corpus-based study in German and Modern Greek. Yearbook of the German Cognitive Linguistics Association, 2015, 3: 105–122.
Ikegami 1987 — Ikegami Y. ‘Source’ vs. ‘goal’: A case of linguistic dissymmetry. In: Concepts of Case. Dirven R., Radden G. (eds.). Tübingen: Narr, 1987. P. 122–146.
Haspelmath 1999 — Haspelmath M. External possession in a European areal perspective. In: External possession. Payne D., Barshi I. (eds.). Amsterdam; Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 1999. P. 109–135.
Janda 1993 — Janda L. A. A Geography of Case Semantics: The Czech Dative and the Russian Instrumental. Berlin; New York: Mouton de Gruyter, 1993. 255 p.
Janda 1998 — Janda L. A. GIVE, HAVE and TAKE. In: The linguistics of giving. Newman J. (ed.) Amsterdam, Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 1998. P. 249–265.
Julien, Garbacz 2014 — Julien M., Garbacz P. Prepositions expressing source in Norwegian. Nordic Atlas of Language Structures (NALS) Journal. 2014, 1: 191–206.
Kabata 2013 — Kabata K. Goal–source asymmetry and crosslinguistic grammaticalization patterns: А cognitive-typological approach. Language Sciences. 2013, 36: 78–89.
Kittilä 2008 — Kittilä S. Animacy effects on Differential Goal Marking. Linguistic Typology. 2008, 12(2): 245–268.
Kittilä 2014 — Kittilä S. The markedness of direction: the (allative and illative) case(s) of Finnish. In: Perspectives on semantic roles. Luraghi S., Narrog H. (eds.). Amsterdam: Benjamins, 2014. P. 151–179.
Kittilä, Ylikoski 2011 — Kittilä S., Ylikoski J. Remarks on the coding of Direction, Recipient and Vicinal Direction in European Uralic. In: Case, Animacy and Semantic Roles. Kittilä S., Västi K., Ylikoski J. (eds.). Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 2011. P. 29–64.
Kopecka, Narasimhan — Events of Putting and Taking. A Crosslinguistic Perspective. Kopecka A., Narasimhan B. (eds.). Amsterdam; Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 2012. 371 p.
Koptjevskaja-Tamm 2003 — Koptjevskaja-Tamm M. Action Nominal Constructions in the Languages of Europe. In: Noun Phrase Structure in the Languages of Europe. Plank F. (ed.). Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 2003. P. 723–759.
Kutscher 2010 — Kutscher S. When ‘towards’ means ‘away from’: The case of directional-ablative syncretism in the Ardeşen-variety of Laz (South-Caucasian). Sprachtypologie und Universalienforschung. 2010, 63: 252–271.
Luraghi 2011 — Luraghi S. The coding of Spacial Relations with Human Landmarks: from Latin to Romance. In: Case, Animacy, and Semantic Roles. Kittilä S., Västi K., Ylikoski J. (eds.). Amsterdam: Benjamins, 2011. P. 209–234.
Luraghi 2017 — Luraghi S. Differential Goal Marking vs. Differential Source Marking in Ancient Greek. In: Space in Diachrony. Luraghi S., Nikitina T., Zanchi Ch. Amsterdam: Benjamins, 2017. P. 119–146.
MacKenzie 1978 — MacKenzie J. L. Ablative-locative transfers and their relevance for the theory of Case-Grammar. Journal of Linguistics. 1978, 14 (2): 129–156.
Malchukov. Comrie 2015 — Valency Classes in the World’s Languages. Malchukov A., Comrie B. (eds.). Berlin; Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, 2015. 888 p.
Malchukov et al. 2010 — Studies in Ditransitive Constructions: A Comparative Handbook. Malchukov A., Haspelmath M., Comrie B. (eds.). Berlin; Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, 2010. 772 p.
Narasimhan et al. 2012 — Narasimhan B., Kopecka A., Bowerman M. F., Gullberg M., Majid A. Putting and taking events: A crosslinguistic perspective. In: Events of Putting and Taking. A crosslinguistic perspective. Kopecka A., Narasimhan B. (eds.). Amsterdam; Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 2012. P. 1–20.
Newman 1996 — Newman J. Give: A Cognitive Linguistic Study. Berlin; Ney York: Mouton de Gruyter, 1996. 321 p.
Nikitina 2009 — Nikitina T. Subcategorization pattern and lexical meaning of motion verbs: A study of the source /goal ambiguity. Linguistics. 2009, 47 (5): 1113–1141.
Nikitina 2017 — Nikitina T. Ablative and allative marking of static locations: A historical perspective. In: Space in Diachrony. Luraghi S., Nikitina T., Zanchi Ch. Amsterdam: Benjamins, 2017. P. 67–94.
Nikitina, Spano 2014 — Nikitina T., Spano M. ‘Behind’ and ‘in front’ in Ancient Greek. A case study in orientation asymmetry. In: On Ancient Grammars of Space. Linguistic Research on the Expression of Spatial Relations and Motion in Ancient Languages. Kutscher S., Werning D. A. (eds.). Berlin; Boston: De Gruyter, 2014. P. 67–82.
Pantcheva 2010 — Pantcheva M. The syntactic structure of Locations, Goals, and Sources. Linguistics. 2010, 48 (5): 1043–1081.
Papafragou 2010 — Papafragou A. Source-Goal asymmetries in motion representation: Implications for language production and comprehension. Cognitive Science. 2010, 34: 1064–1092.
Rice, Kabata 2007 — Rice S., Kabata K. Crosslinguistic grammaticalization patterns of the allative. Linguistic Typology. 2007, 11: 451–514.
Stefanowitsch, Rohde 2004 — Stefanowitsch, A., Rohde. A. The goal bias in the encoding of motion events. In: Studies in linguistic motivation. Radden G., Panther K.-U. (eds.). Berlin; New York: Mouton de Gruyter, 2004. P. 249–268.
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