Albanian Dialect(s) of Gorana: Genesis and Functioning
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu09.2017.207Abstract
The article discusses genesis and functioning of the Albanian idiom in the multilingual microregion of Gorana (Montenegrin Littoral), which is of great interest from the perspective of the study of Slavic- Albanian linguistic and cultural interaction in the Western Balkans. The introductory part contains anthropogeographic and sociolingistic information about the Serbo-Croatian-speaking community of Mrkovići and Gorana, and a brief description of the northwestern Gheg subdialect of the Albanian language. Further paragraphs investigate the case of the village Velja Gorana, concentrating on the Albanian speech of the local bilinguals and the speech of Albanian women who came to the Velja Gorana community from different border areas of Albania, Montenegrin Littoral and Krajina. In order to study the dialect differentiation and degree of accommodation between dialects (a) in the speech of Albanian women and (b) in the speech of the local bilinguals, as well as to find contact-induced features in phonetics and phonology, we analyse authentic dialectmaterial using comparative and descriptive methods common for comparative linguistics, dialectology, and the Balkan studies. Based on the results of the analysis, the Albanian speech of Gorana is described as a heterogeneous idiom, where dialect differentiation remains intact without a degree of mixing or accommodation, and the intensity of contact-induced language change varies at the level of individual speakers.
Downloads
References
Вуjовић 2012 — Вуjовић Л. Мрковићки диjалекат (с кратким освртом на сусjедне говоре). Доктор- ска дисертациjа са додатком. Београдски универзитет, 1965. Репринт издање дjела. Подгорица: Савjет Муслимана Црне Горе, 2012. 384 с. (сербск.)
Десницкая 1968 — Десницкая А. В. Албанский язык и его диалекты. Л.: Наука, 1968. 380 с. Жирмунский 1976 — Жирмунский В. М. «Проблемы переселенческой диалектологии.» Жирмунский В. М. Общее и германское языкознание: Избранные труды. Л.: Наука, 1976. С. 491–516. Јовићевић 1922 — Јовићевић А. «Црногорско Приморје и Крајина.» Српски етнографски зборник. Књ. 11. Цвијић Ј. (уред.). Београд, 1922. С. 1–171. (сербск.)
Морозова, Русаков — Морозова М. С., Русаков А. Ю. Албанские гегские говоры черногорско-албанского пограничья: фонетическая анкета. Рукопись.
Ровинский 1897 — Ровинский П. А. Черногория в ее прошлом и настоящем: В 3 тт. Т. 2. Ч. 1. СПб.: Имп. Акад. наук, 1897. 808 с.
Русаков 1987 — Русаков А. Ю. «К вопросу о фонетической адаптации латинской лексики в албанском языке.» RОMANO-BALCANICA: Вопросы адаптации латинского языкового элемента в балканском ареале. Десницкая А. В. (ред.). Л.: Наука, 1987. С. 127–144.
Соболев 2013 — Соболев А. Н. Основы лингвокультурной антропогеографии Балканского полуострова. Т. I: Homo balcanicus и его пространство. СПб.; München: Наука; Otto Sagner, 2013. 264 с.
Соболев 2015 — Соболев А. Н. «Мрковичи (и Горана): языки и диалекты черногорского Приморья в контексте новейших балканистических исследований.» Sprache und Kultur der Albaner: Zeitliche und räumliche Dimensionen. Akten der 5. Deutsch-albanischen kulturwissenschaftlichen Tagung». (Albanien, Buçimas bei Pogradec, 5.–8. Juni 2014). Demiraj В. (Hrsg.). Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 2015. S. 533–556.
Соболев и др. 2013 — Соболев А. Н., Новик А. А., Домосилецкая М. В., Дугушина А. С., Ермо- лин Д. С., Колосова В. Б., Морозова М. С., Русаков А. Ю. Голо Бордо (Gollobordë), Албания: Из ма-териалов балканской экспедиции РАН и СПбГУ 2008–2010 гг. Соболев А. Н., Новик А. А. (ред.). СПб.; München: Наука; Otto Sagner, 2013. 272 с.
Станишић 1995 — Станишић В. Српско-албански jезички односи. Београд: Српска академиja наука и уметности, 1995. 147 с. (сербск.) Ahmetaj 2006 — Ahmetaj M. E folmja e Anës së Malit. Prishtinë: IAP, 2006. 337 f. (албанск.)
Beci 1995 — Beci B. Të folmet veriperëndimore të shqipes dhe sistemi fonetik i së folmes së Shkodrës. Tiranë: Instituti i Gjuhësisë dhe i Letërsisë, 1995. 605 f. (албанск.)
Çabej 1958 — Çabej E. “Për historinë e konsonantizmit të gjuhës shqipe.” Buletin i Universitetit shtetëror të Tiranës. Ser. Shkencat Shoqërore. 1 (1), 1958: 31–80. (албанск.)
Curtis 2012 — Curtis M. С. Slavic-Albanian language contact, convergence, and coexistence. PhD thesis. Joseph В. (Advisor) Ohio State University. Ohio, 2012. 408 p.
Dabaj 2004 — Dabaj Gj. Shestani: Studim filologjik gjithëpërfshirës: Në 2 vëll. Vëll. 1. Ulqin; Tiranë; Prishtinë: Ada, 2004. 706 f. (албанск.)
Demiraj 1996 — Demiraj Sh. Fonologjia historike e gjuhës shqipe. Tiranë: TOENA, 1996. 332 f. (албанск.)
Grgurević 2012 — Grgurević O. «Naselja Mrkojevića.» Nevladina organizacija Mrkojevići. 2012. URL: http:// mrkojevici.me/naselja.html (accessed: 02.02.2016). (сербск.)
Gjinari 1971 — Gjinari J. «Vëzhgime mbi të folmen e Bregut të Bunës.» Dialektologjia shqiptare: Në 7 vëll. Vëll. 1. Tiranë: Universiteti i Tiranës, 1971. F. 331–368. (албанск.)
Gjinari 1989 — Gjinari J. Dialektet e gjuhës shqipe. Tiranë: Akademia e shkencave e RPS të Shqipërisë, 1989. 329 f. (албанск.)
Gjinari et al. 2007 — Gjinari J., Beci B., Shkurtaj Gj., Gosturani Xh. Atlasi dialektologjik i gjuhës shqipe: Në 2 vëll. Vëll. 1. Tiranë; Napoli: Akademia e Shkencave e Shqipërisë, Instituti i Gjuhësisë dhe i Letërsisë; Università degli Studi di Napoli L’Orientali, Dipartamento di Studi dell’Europa Orientale, 2007. 464 f. (албанск.)
Gjinari, Shkurtaj 2000 — Gjinari J., Shkurtaj Gj. Dialektologjia. Tiranë: Shtëpia botuese e librit universitar, 2000. 462 f. (албанск.)
Jozeph 2007 — Jozeph B. “Broad vs. localistic dialectology, standard vs. dialect: The case of the Balkans and the drawing of linguistic boundaries.” Language variation — European perspectives II: Selected papers from the 4th International conference on language variation in Europe (ICLaVE), Nicosia, June 2007.
Tsiplakou S., Karyolemou M., Pavlou P. (eds.). Amsterdam; Philadelphia: Benjamins, 2009. P. 119–134.
Morozova, Rusakov 2015 — Morozova M., Rusakov A. “Social roots and linguistic outcomes of contact-in duced language change: the case of Slavic-Albanian contact in Mrko(je)vići and Gorana”. 11th Congress of South-East European Studies. Session “Theory of the Linguistic Union: Balkan Linguistics and Euro linguistics”. (Sofia, 31 August — 4 September 2015). Summaries, 2015. URL: http://www.balkanstudies. bg/congress2015/bg/summaries.html (дата обращения: 11.10.2016).
Omari 2012 — Omari A. Marrëdhëniet gjuhësore shqiptaro-serbe. Tiranë: Botimet Albanologjike, 2012. 420 f. (албанск.)
Radojević 2011 — Radojević G. Popis stanovništva, domaćinstava i stanova u Crnoj Gori. 2011: Prvi rezultati. Podgorica: MONSTAT, 2011. 56 s. (сербск.)
Shkurtaj 1982 — Shkurtaj Gj. “Disa veçori fonetike të të folmeve shqipe në Mal të Zi”. Studime Filologjike. 3, 1982: 179–195. (албанск.)
Sobolev 2012 — Sobolev A. N. “Slavische Lehnwörter in albanischen Dialekten.” Aktuelle Fragestellungen und Zukunftsperspektiven der Albanologie. Akten der 4. Deutsch-Albanischen kulturwissenschaftlichen Tagung «50 Jahre Albanologie an der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München». (Gut Schönwag bei Wessobrunn, 23. — 25. Juni 2011). Demiraj B. (Hrsg.). Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 2012. S. 215–232. (немецк.)
Trudgill 1986 — Trudgill P. Dialects in Contact. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1986. 182 p.
Ulqinaku 1965 — Ulqinaku H. “Nji pamje e shkurtë e tё folunit t’Ulqinit.” Pёrparimi. 1–2, 1965: 64–72. (албанск.)
Ylli 2012 — Ylli Xh. “Rreth përgatitjeve për një vlerësim objektiv të huazimeve leksikore sllave të gjuhës shqipe.” Shqipja dhe gjuhët e Ballkanit. Konferencë shkencore e mbajtur më 10–11 nëntor 2011 në Prishtinë. Ismajli R. (red.). Prishtinë: Akad. e Shkencave dhe e arteve e Kosovës, 2012. F. 533–564. (албанск.)
Bibliography:
Вуjовић 2012 — Vujović, L. Mrkovićki dijalekat (s kratkim osvrtom na susjedne govore) [Mrkovići dialect (with a short overview of the neighbouring speeches)]. A doctoral thesis with the addition. Beogradski univerzitet, 1965. Reprint edition. Podgorica, Savjet Muslimana Crne Gore, 2012. 384 p. (in Serbian)
Десницкая 1968 — Desnitskaya, A. V. Albanskii iazyk i ego dialekty [Albanian and Albanian dialects]. Len- ingrad, Nauka Publ., 1968. 380 p. (in Russian)
Жирмунский 1976 — Zhirmunsky, V. M. Problemy pereselencheskoi dialektologii [Problems of migrant dialectology]. In: Zhirmunsky, V. M. Obshchee i germanskoe iazykoznanie: Izbrannye trudy [General and German linguistics: Selected works]. Leningrad, Nauka Publ., 1976, pp. 491–516. (in Russian)
Јовићевић 1922 — Jovićević, A. Crnogorsko Primorje i Krajina [Montenegrin Littoral and Krajina]. In: Cvijić, J. (ed.). Srpski etnografski zbornik [Serbian ethnographic anthology]. Vol. 11. Beograd, 1922, pp. 1–171. (in Serbian)
Морозова, Русаков — Morozova, M. S., Rusakov, A. Y. Albanskie gegskie govory chernogorsko-albanskogo pogranich’ia: foneticheskaia anketa [Gheg Albanian dialects of the Montenegrin-Albanian border- land: phonetic questionnaire]. Manuscript. (in Russian)
Ровинский 1897 — Rovinsky, P. A. Chernogoriia v ee proshlom i nastoiashchem [Montenegro: past and pres- ent]: In 3 vols. Vol. 2. P. 1. St. Petersburg, Imp. acad. nauk Publ., 1897. 808 p. (in Russian)
Русаков 1987 — Rusakov, A. Y. K voprosu o foneticheskoi adaptatsii latinskoi leksiki v albanskom iazyke [On phonetic adaptation of Latin vocabulary in Albanian]. In: Desnitskaya, A. V. (ed.). RОMANO- BALCANICA: Voprosy adaptatsii latinskogo iazykovogo elementa v balkanskom areale [RОMANO- BALCANICA: Problems of adaptation of the Latin language element in the Balkan area]. Leningrad, Nauka Publ., 1987, pp. 127–144. (in Russian)
Соболев 2013 — Sobolev, A. N. Osnovy lingvokul’turnoi antropogeografii Balkanskogo poluostrova [The foundations of linguocultural anthropogeography of the Balkan Peninsula]. Vol. I: Homo balcanicus i ego prostranstvo [Homo balcanicus and its area]. St. Petersburg; Munich, Nauka Publ.; Otto Sagner Publ., 2013. 264 p. (in Russian)
Соболев 2015 — Sobolev, A. N. Mrkovichi (i Gorana): iazyki i dialekty chernogorskogo Primor’ia v kon- tekste noveishikh balkanisticheskikh issledovanii [Mrkovići (and Gorana): Languages and dialects of Montenegrin Littoral in the context of the recent balkanological studies]. In: Demiraj, V. (ed.) Sprache und Kultur der Albaner: Zeitliche und raumliche Dimensionen. Akten der 5. Deutsch-albanischen kulturwissen schaftlichen Tagung [Language and culture of the Albanians. Temporal and spatial di- mensions. Proceedings of the 5th German-Albanian cultural studies conference] (Albania, Buçimas, Pogradec, 5–8 June 2014). Wiesbaden, Harrassowitz Publ., 2015, pp. 533–556. (in Russian)
Соболев и др. 2013 — Sobolev, A. N., Novik, A. A., Domosiletskaia, M. V., Dugushina, A. S., Ermolin, D. S., et al. Golo Bordo (Gollobordë), Albaniia: Iz materialov balkanskoi ekspeditsii RAN i SPbGU 2008–2010 gg. [Golo Bordo (Gollobordë), Albania. From the materials of the Balkan expedition of the Rus- sian Academy of Sciences and the State University of St. Petersburg in 2008–2010]. St. Petersburg; Munich, Nauka Publ.; Otto Sagner Publ., 2013. 272 p. (in Russian)
Станишић 1995 — Stanišić V. Srpsko-albanski jezički odnosi [Serbian-Albanian linguistic relations]. Beo- grad: Srpska akademija nauka i umetnosti, 1995. 147 p. (in Serbian)
Ahmetaj 2006 — Ahmetaj, M. E folmja e Anës së Malit [The dialect of Ana e Malit]. Prishtinë: IAP, 2006. 337 p. (in Albanian)
Beci 1995 — Beci, B. Të folmet veriperëndimore të shqipes dhe sistemi fonetik i së folmes së Shkodrës [North-western dialects of Albanian and the phonetics of the dialect of Shkodra]. Tiranë: Instituti i Gjuhësisë dhe i Letërsisë, 1995. 605 p. (in Albanian)
Çabej 1958 — Çabej, E. Për historinë e konsonantizmit të gjuhës shqipe [On the history of Albanian consonant system]. In: Buletin i Universitetit shtetëror të Tiranës. Ser. Shkencat Shoqërore — Bulletin of the State University of Tirana. Social Science Series. 1958, no. 1, p. 31–80. (in Albanian)
Curtis 2012 — Curtis, M. С. Slavic-Albanian language contact, convergence, and coexistence. PhD thesis. Joseph В. (Advisor). Ohio State University, Ohio, 2012, 408 p. (in English)
Dabaj 2004 — Dabaj, Gj. Shestani: Studim filologjik gjithëpërfshirës [Shestani. A comprehensive philological study]: In 2 vols. Vol. 1. Ulqin; Tiranë; Prishtinë: Ada, 2004. 706 p. (in Albanian)
Demiraj 1996 — Demiraj, Sh. Fonologjia historike e gjuhës shqipe [Historical phonology of Albanian]. Tiranë: TOENA, 1996. 332 p. (in Albanian)Gjinari 1971 — Gjinari, J. Vëzhgime mbi të folmen e Bregut të Bunës [Notes about the dialect of Bregu e Bunës]. In: Dialektologjia shqiptare [Albanian dialectology]: In 7 vols. Vol. 1. Tiranë, Universiteti i Tiranës, 1971, pp. 331–368. (in Albanian)
Gjinari 1989 — Gjinari, J. Dialektet e gjuhës shqipe [Dialects of Albanian]. Tiranë, Akademia e shkencave e RPS të Shqipërisë, 1989. 329 p. (in Albanian)
Gjinari et al. 2007 — Gjinari, Gj., Beci, B., Shkurtaj, Gj., Gosturani, Xh. Atlasi dialektologjik i gjuhës shqipe [The dialectological atlas of the Albanian language]: In 2 vols. Vol. 1. Tiranë; Napoli: Akademia e Shkencave e Shqipërisë, Instituti i Gjuhësisë dhe i Letërsisë; Università degli Studi di Napoli L’Orientali, Dipartamento di Studi dell’Europa Orientale, 2007. 464 p. (in Albanian)
Gjinari, Shkurtaj 2000 — Gjinari, J., Shkurtaj, Gj. Dialektologjia [Dialectology]. Tiranë, Shtëpia botuese e librit universitar, 2000. 462 p. (in Albanian)
Grgurević 2012 — Grgurević, O. Naselja Mrkojevića [Settlements of the Mrkojevići]. In: Nevladina organizacija Mrkojevići [Non-state organization Mrkojevići]. 2012. URL: http://mrkojevici.me/naselja.html (accessed: 02.02.2016). (In Serbian)
Jozeph 2007 — Jozeph, B. Broad vs. localistic dialectology, standard vs. dialect: The case of the Balkans and the drawing of linguistic boundaries. In: Tsiplakou, S., Karyolemou, M., Pavlou, P. (eds.). Language variation — European perspectives II: Selected papers from the 4th International conference on language
variation in Europe (ICLaVE), Nicosia, June 2007. Amsterdam; Philadelphia, Benjamins Publ., 2009, pp. 119–134. (in English)
Morozova, Rusakov 2015 — Morozova, M., Rusakov, A. Social roots and linguistic outcomes of contact- induced language change: the case of Slavic-Albanian contact in Mrko(je)vići and Gorana. In: 11th Congress of South-East European Studies. Session “Theory of the Linguistic Union: Balkan Linguistics and Eurolinguistics” (Sofia, 31 August — 4 September 2015). Summaries, 2015. Available at: http://www. balkanstudies.bg/congress2015/bg/summaries.html (accessed: 11.10.2016). (in English)
Omari 2012 — Omari, A. Marrëdhëniet gjuhësore shqiptaro-serbe [Albanian-Serbian linguistic relations]. Tiranë, Botimet Albanologjike, 2012. 420 p. (in Albanian)
Radojević 2011 — Radojević, G. Popis stanovništva, domaćinstava i stanova u Crnoj Gori. 2011: Prvi rezultati [Census of Population, Households and Dwellings in Montenegro. 2011. First results]. Podgorica, MONSTAT, 2011. 56 p. (in Serbian)
Shkurtaj 1982 — Shkurtaj, Gj. Disa veçori fonetike të të folmeve shqipe në Mal të Zi [Several phonetic features of the Albanian dialects in Montenegro]. In: Studime Filologjike, 1982, no. 3, pp. 179–195. (in Albanian)
Sobolev 2011 — Sobolev, A. N. Slavische Lehnwörter in albanischen Dialekten [Slavic borrowings in Albanian dialects]. In: Demiraj, B. (ed.). Aktuelle Fragestellungen und Zukunftsperspektiven der Albanologie: Akten der 4. Deutsch-Albanischen kulturwissenschaftlichen Tagung «50 Jahre Albanologie an der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München» [Current issues and future perspectives of Albanology. Proceedings of the 4th German-Albanian cultural studies conference “50 Years of Albanology at the Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich”] (Gut Schönwagbei Wessobrunn, 23–25 June 2011). Wi- esbaden, Harrassowitz, 2012, pp. 215–232. (in German)
Trudgill 1986 — Trudgill, P. Dialects in Contact. Oxford, Basil Blackwell Publ., 1986. 182 p. (in English) Ulqinaku 1965 — Ulqinaku, H. Nji pamje e shkurtë e tё folunit t’Ulqinit [A short overview of the dialect of Ulcinj]. In: Pёrparimi, 1965, no. 1–2, pp. 64–72. (in Albanian)
Ylli 2012 — Ylli, Xh. Rreth përgatitjeve për një vlerësim objektiv të huazimeve leksikore sllave të gjuhës shqipe [On preparations for an objective assessment of Slavic lexical borrowings in Albanian]. In: Ismajli, R. (red.). Shqipja dhe gjuhët e Ballkanit. Konferencë shkencore e mbajtur më 10–11 nëntor 2011 në
Prishtinë [Albanian and the Balkan languages. Scientific conference held on 10–11 November, 2011 in Prishtina]. Prishtinë, Akad. e Shkencave dhe e arteve e Kosovës, 2012, pp. 533–564. (in Albanian)
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Articles of "Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Language and Literature" are open access distributed under the terms of the License Agreement with Saint Petersburg State University, which permits to the authors unrestricted distribution and self-archiving free of charge.
