Expressing the Preparatory Stage of a Situation: Evidence From Russian
Abstract
The paper focuses on the means used to refer to the preparatory stage of a situation in Russian. It is shown that several constructions in Russian aim to express the idea that a situation is to or was to occur. In this respect, the conctructions vot-vot + V, nikak ne ( vse ne, vse nikak ne ) + V, bylo (and chut’ bylo ne ) + V are examined. The analysis reveals that these linguistic means have certain common features. In these constructions the use of perfective predicate is preferable and its temporal characteristic is defined by the main function of the “auxiliary” element. Future imperfective predicates are excluded from the analysis, while the use of present and past imperfectives is mainly restricted to the verbs with modal semantics.
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Plungyan V. A. Vvedenie v grammaticheskuiu semantiku: grammaticheskie znacheniia i grammaticheskie sistemy iazykov mira [Introduction into grammatical semantics: Grammatical meanings and grammatical systems of the languages of the world]. Moscow, URSS Publ., 2011. 672 p. (In Russian)
Dik S. C. The theory of functional grammar. Part I: The structure of the clause. 2nd rev. ed. Berlin,
New York, Mouton de Gruyter, 1997. (1st ed.: 1989). 509 p.
Klein W. Time in language. London, Routledge, 1994. 260 p.
Smith C. The parameter of aspect. 2nd ed. Dordrecht: Kluwer, 1997 (1st ed.: 1991). 465 p.
Comrie B. Aspect. Cambridge, Cambridge Univ. Press, 1976. 142 p.
Kuteva T. On identifying an evasive gram: action narrowly averted. Studies in language, 1998, vol. 22, no. 1, p. 113–160.
Kuteva T. TAM‑auxiliation, and the avertive category in Northeast Europe. Grammaticalisation areale et semantique cognitive: les langues fenniques et sames. Ed. by M. M. J. Fernandez-Vest. Paris, CNRS, 2000, pp. 27–41.
Kozlov A. A. K grammaticheskoi semantike staroslavianskikh konstruktsii khotѣti / imѣti s infinitivom [On the grammatical semantics of the Old-Slavonic constructions хотѣти / имѣти with an infinitive]. Russkii iazyk v nauchnom osveshchenii [The Russian language from the scholarly perspective], 2014, no. 1, pp. 122–149. (In Russian)
Heine B. On the Genesis of Aspect in African Languages: The Proximative. Proceedings of the Twentieth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society. Special Session on Historical Issues in African Linguistics. 1994, pp. 35–46.
Plungyan V. A. Antirezul'tativ: do i posle rezul'tata [Antiresultative: before and after the result]. Issledovaniia po teorii grammatiki. Vyp. 1: Glagolnye kategorii [Research on the theory of the grammar. Issue 1: Verbal categories]. Moscow, Russkie slovari Publ., 2001, pp. 50–88. (In Russian)
Bybee J. L., Perkins R., Pagliuca W. The evolution of grammar: tense, aspect and modality in the languages of the world. Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1994. xxii, 398 p.
Zaliznyak A. A. Ob odnom upotreblenii prezensa sovershennogo vida («prezens naprasnogo ozhidaniia») [On the usage of the present tense of the perfective aspect (‘presence of the expection a in vain’]. Metody formalne w opisie językow słowiańskich. Białymstok, Filii UW w Białymstoku, 1990. pp. 109–114. (In Russian)
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