Эвиденциальность и эпистемическая модальность: сопряжение на уровне семантики слова

Svetlana V. Ivanova; Gulnara Sh. Khakimova

doi:10.21638/spbu09.2024.403

Authors

Svetlana V. Ivanova St. Petersburg State University, 7–9, Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
Gulnara Sh. Khakimova South Ural State University — Branch in Zlatoust, 16, ul. Turgeneva, Zlatoust, 456209, Russia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu09.2024.403

Abstract

The starting point for this paper was the profound works by S. T. Nefedov who analyzed a wide range of problems in the field of modality. The article studies the specificity of the relationship between the two categories of epistemic modality and evidentiality. The former is used by the speaker to provide a source or evidence for the speaker’s claim, the latter performatively expresses the subjective opinion about the truth of a proposition. Despite the independent status recognized for evidentiality and epistemic modality, they are realized within the same proposition. The study of their relation is approached in this paper through the prototypical evidential marker hearsay. The choice of the marker is caused by its complex semantics combining epistemic and evidential components that allows to clarify the nature of the relations between the categories under study. The semasiological and onomasiological approaches to achieve the goal are realized by means of componential analysis supplemented with a number of techniques of the logical-semantic conception, as well as the contextual method. The analysis and generalization of the lexicographic meaning of the word hearsay revealed five lexico-semantic variants within the semanteme. At the level of the semantics of the evidential, the epistemic meaning is incorporated into the componential composition of all the sememes. The paper introduces the term “interplay” to denote the ambiguous and asymmetric nature of the evidentiality and epistemic modality integration. In addition, their interplay turns out to be inferent. This is expressed in the difference in distance from the source of acquired knowledge (second/ third-hand evidence attributed to the quotative and the reportative respectively) conveyed in the semanteme that implies a different degree of epistemicity manifesting gradient properties. Thus, an appeal to the notion of evidence and a level approach to its classification contributes to a deeper understanding of the reasons for the expansion of evidential meanings and the nature of their overlap with epistemic ones.

Keywords:

epistemic modality, evidentiality, evidential marker, hearsay, interplay

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References

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