The Russian language in the narratives of two generations of Russian-German bilinguals
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu09.2023.411Abstract
The article deals with the sociolinguistic features of Russian speech by 20 families of Russian-German bilinguals living in Germany. The informants were adult bilinguals aged 35–50 who moved to this country in the 1990s–2010s and their children aged 10–15 who were born in Germany or arrived there at an early age. The relevance of the study is due to the importance of studying the state of the Russian language in the families of Russian compatriots living abroad, its preservation and development. The purpose of the study is to determine which subsystems of the Russian national language are spoken by family members of Russian-German bilinguals. Research materials are transcripts of audio recordings of stories based on pictures from M. Mayer’s book “Frog, where are you?” Four groups of families in relation to the normativity of Russian speech in narratives are identified. The interpretation of the use of Russian language subsystems in each group from the standpoint of sociolinguistics is given. It has been established that the mean of communication in 25 % of families is the literary language, and in 75 % of families is the vernacular. Examples of language attrition in families using vernacular in communication are described. It is concluded that the literary language in the study groups is not subject to the attrition, that has not only sociolinguistic, but also linguodidactic significance, because it indicates the need to teach it to the children of compatriots as an important factor in preserving the Russian language in the diaspora.
Keywords:
Russian language, Germany, Russian-German bilinguals, literary language
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Литература
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Benmamoun, Montrul, Polinsky 2013 — Benmamoun E., Montrul S., Polinsky M. Heritage languages and their speakers opportunities and challenges for linguistics. Theoretical Linguistics. 2013, 39 (3–4): 129–181.
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Gagarina et al. 2014 — Gagarina N., Armon-Lotem Sh., Altman C., Burstein-Feldman Zh., Klassert A., Topaj N., Golcher F., Walters J. Age, input quantity and their effect on linguistic performance in the home and societal language among Russian-German and Russian-Hebrew preschool children. In: Silbereisen R. K., Titzmann P. F., Shavit Y. (eds). The Challenges of Diaspora Migration Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Israel and Germany. Farnham: Ashgate Publishing, 2014. P. 63–82.
Gagarina, Klassert 2018 — Gagarina N., Klassert A. Input dominance and development of home language in Russian-German bilinguals. Frontiers in Communication-Language Sciences. 2018, 3 (40): 1–14.
Klassert, Gagarina 2010 — Klassert A., Gagarina N. Der Einfluss des elterlichen Inputs auf die Sprachentwicklung bilingualer Kinder: Evidenz aus russischsprachigen Migrantenfamilien in Berlin. Diskurs Kindheits- und Jugendforschung. 2010, 4: 413–425.
Köpke, Schmid 2004 — Köpke B., Schmid M. S. Language attrition: the next phase. In: Schmid M. S. et al. (eds). First Language Attrition: Interdisciplinary perspectives on methodological issues. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 2004. P. 1–43.
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Pallier 2007 — Pallier C. Critical periods in language acquisition and language attrition. In: Köpke et al. (eds). Language Attrition: theoretical perspectives. Amsterdam; Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 2007. P. 155–168.
Pires, Rothman 2009 — Pires A., Rothman J. Child and adult language acquisition, linguistic theory and (microparametric) variation. In: Pires A., Rothman J. (eds). Minimalist Inquiries into Child and Adult Language Acquisition: Case Studies Across Portuguese. Berlin; New York: Mouton De Gruyter, 2009. P. 5–33.
Polinsky 2008 — Polinsky M. Heritage language narratives. In: D. M. Brinton, O. Kagan, Bauckus S. (eds). Heritage language education: A new field emerging. New York; London: Routledge, 2008. P. 149–164.
Polinsky 2015 — Polinsky M. Heritage languages and their speakers: State of the field, challenges, perspectives for future work, and methodologies. Zeitschrift für Fremdsprachenforschung. 2015, 26 (1): 3–27.
Polinsky 2018 — Polinsky M. Heritage Languages and their Speakers. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2018.
Polinsky, Kagan 2007 — Polinsky M., Kagan O. Heritage Languages: In the ‘Wild’ and in the Classroom. Language and Linguistics Compass. 2007, 1 (5): 368–395.
Schmid, Köpke 2007 — Schmid M. S., Köpke B. Bilingualism and attrition In: Köpke B. et al. (eds). Language Attrition: theoretical perspectives. Amsterdam; Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 2007. P. 1–7.
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